Abstract
This research investigates the strategies implemented by higher education institutions in Indonesia to enhance the career sustainability of their graduates while exploring potential strengthening opportunities that need attention. The study is motivated by several significant changes, such as the expansion of a flexible job market and the uncertainty of the transition for graduates from the educational environment to the workforce. The research was conducted at eight universities in four cities from July to October 2021. The selection of these cities aimed to encompass the geographical diversity of Indonesia and represent the educational centers in each region. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussions (FGD) involving each university’s students, alumni, and career development unit managers. Three main findings emerged regarding the efforts made by the universities, including curriculum adjustments by adding entrepreneurship courses, establishing or developing career development units, and expanding networks of partners to benefit students and alumni. However, institutional capacity, human resource availability, networks, and local contexts also influenced the selection and dynamics of the applied strategies. Consequently, the achieved outcomes varied and could not be measured with uniform parameters. This research argues that policy interventions to enhance the career sustainability of university graduates should consider this complexity. Therefore, we recommend policymakers get involved in implementing independent learning and independent Campuses to understand the diverse initial conditions of universities.
References
Akatiga, & White, B. (2015). Would I like to be a farmer? - Inside Indonesia. Inside Indonesia, 120, 1–6.
Allen, K., Quinn, J., Hollingworth, S., & Rose, A. (2013). Becoming employable students and “ideal” creative workers: Exclusion and inequality in higher education work placements. British Journal of Sociology of Education, 34(3), 431–452. https://doi.org/10.1080/01425692.2012.714249
Amani, J. (2017). Prevalence of, and Factors Associated with, Unemployment among Graduates: Evidence from Tanzania. Africa Education Review, 14(3–4), 230–244. https://doi.org/10.1080/18146627.2017.1300064
Archer, E., & Chetty, Y. (2013). Graduate Employability : Conceptualization and findings from the University of South Africa. Progressio, 35(1), 134–165.
Artess, J., Mellors-Bourne, R., & Hooley, T. (2017). Employability: A review of the literature 2012-2016. Higher Education Academy. https://www.advance-he.ac.uk/knowledge-hub/employability-review-literature-2012-2016
Badan Pusat Statistik. (2020). Keadaan Ketenagakerjaan Indonesia Agustus 2020.
Bennett, D. (2016). Developing employability in higher education music. Arts and Humanities in Higher Education, 15(3–4), 386–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/1474022216647388
Bridgstock, R. (2011). Skills for creative industries graduate success. Education + Training, 53(1), 9–26. https://doi.org/10.1108/00400911111102333
Caingcoy, M. E., Ramirez, I. A. L., Gaylo, D. N., Adajar, M. I. W., Lacdag, E. O., & Blanco, G. A. B. (2021). Employment, Employability, and Competencies of the Bachelor of Secondary Education Graduates. International Journal of Research in Education and Science, 7(3), 872–884. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijres.2328
Clark, G., Marsden, R., Whyatt, J. D., Thompson, L., & Walker, M. (2015). ‘It’s everything else you do…’: Alumni views on extracurricular activities and employability. Active Learning in Higher Education, 16(2), 133–147. https://doi.org/10.1177/1469787415574050
Clarke, M. (2018). Rethinking graduate employability: the role of capital, individual attributes and context. Studies in Higher Education, 43(11), 1923–1937. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2017.1294152
Detikfinance.com. (2010). 6 Universitas Siapkan Mata Kuliah Wirausaha. https://finance.detik.com/berita-ekonomi-bisnis/d-1283958/6-universitas-siapkan-mata-kuliah-wirausaha
Fatmawati, D., Isbah, F., & Kusumaningtyas, A. P. (2019). Pekerja Muda dan Ancaman Deskilling-Skill Trap di Sektor Transportasi Berbasis Daring. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 8(1), 29. https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.45301
Isbah, M. F. (2019). Workers’ Rights in the Digital Economy: Assessing the Impacts of Technology Usage by Go-Jek and Grab in Indonesia. In Exploring the Nexus Between Technologies and Human Rights (pp. 210–231). SHAPE_SEA, Bangkok.
Isbah, M. F., Kailani, N., Kustiningsih, W., Artosa, O. A., & Zamjani, I. (2023). Indonesia’s Recent University Graduates amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic: Employability and Resilience*. Journal of Asian Sociology, 52(2), 109–133. https://doi.org/10.21588/dns.2023.52.2.001
Jackson, D. (2014). Testing a model of undergraduate competence in employability skills and its implications for stakeholders. Journal of Education and Work, 27(2), 220–242. https://doi.org/10.1080/13639080.2012.718750
Jawapos.com. (2017). Baru Ada di Tiga Kampus Indonesia, Fakultas Kewirausahaan Cetak Usahawan. https://www.jawapos.com/pendidikan/01142326/baru-ada-di-tiga-kampus-indonesia-fakultas-kewirausahaan-cetak-usahawan
Kadiyono, A. L., & Putri, N. B. (2022). Comparative Studies of Employability in Higher Education: Private University and Public University. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(4), 6865–6874. https://doi.org/10.35445/alishlah.v14i4.2617
Kemenristekdikti. (2020). Statistik Pendidikan Tinggi 2020.
Laalo, H., Kinnari, H., & Silvennoinen, H. (2019). Setting New Standards for Homo Academicus: Entrepreneurial University Graduates on the EU Agenda. European Education, 51(2), 93–110. https://doi.org/10.1080/10564934.2018.1489729
Mgaiwa, S. J. (2021). Fostering Graduate Employability: Rethinking Tanzania’s University Practices. SAGE Open, 11(2), 21582440211006708. https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211006709
Mok, K. H., & Jiang, J. (2018). Massification of higher education and challenges for graduate employment and social mobility: East Asian experiences and sociological reflections. International Journal of Educational Development, 63, 44–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijedudev.2017.02.003
Moore, T., & Morton, J. (2017). The myth of job readiness? Written communication, employability, and the ‘skills gap’ in higher education. Studies in Higher Education, 42(3), 591–609. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.1067602
Naafs, S. (2013). Youth, Gender, and the Workplace: Shifting Opportunities and Aspirations in an Indonesian Industrial Town. Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 646(1), 233–250. https://doi.org/10.1177/0002716212469927
Nambiar, D., Karki, S., Rahardiani, D., Putri, M., & Singh, K. (2019). Study on skills for the future in Indonesia. Oxford Policy Management, July, 1–117. www.opml.co.uk
Nilan, P., Parker, L., Bennett, L., & Robinson, K. (2011). Indonesian youth looking towards the future. Journal of Youth Studies, 14(6), 709–728. https://doi.org/10.1080/13676261.2011.580523
Nurcahyani, A., & Isbah, M. F. (2020). Perempuan dan Ekonomi Digital: Peluang Kewirausahaan Baru dan Negosiasi Peran berbasis Gender. PALASTREN Jurnal Studi Gender, 13(1), 27. https://doi.org/10.21043/palastren.v13i1.6382
Parker, L., & Nilan, P. (2013). Adolescents in contemporary Indonesia. In Adolescents in Contemporary Indonesia. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203522073
Prikshat, V., Montague, A., Connell, J., & Burgess, J. (2020). Australian graduates’ work readiness–deficiencies, causes and potential solutions. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 10(2), 369–386.
Rowe, A. D., & Zegwaard, K. E. (2017). Developing graduate employability skills and attributes: Curriculum enhancement through work-integrated learning. Asia-Pacific Journal of Cooperative Education, 18(2), 87–99.
Steur, J. M., Jansen, E. P. W. A., & Hofman, W. H. A. (2012). Graduateness: An empirical examination of the formative function of university education. Higher Education, 64(6), 861–874. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-012-9533-4
Susilaningsih, S. (2015). Pendidikan Kewirausahaan Di Perguruan Tinggi: Pentingkah Untuk Semua Profesi? Jurnal Economia, 11(1), 1. https://doi.org/10.21831/economia.v11i1.7748
Sutopo, O. R. (2015). Hidup adalah Perjuangan: Strategi Pemuda Yogyakarta dalam Menghadapi Transisi dari Pendidikan ke Kerja. MASYARAKAT: Jurnal Sosiologi, 18(2), 161–179. https://doi.org/10.7454/mjs.v18i2.3724
Sutopo, O. R., & Meiji, N. H. P. (2014). TRANSISI PEMUDA DALAM MASYARAKAT RISIKO: Antara Aspirasi, Hambatan dan Ketidakpastian. Jurnal Universitas Paramadina, 11(3), 1164–1186.
The World Bank. (2020). Local solutions to poverty: About the projects and knowledge sharing materials. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/970561587661278228/pdf/Local-Solutions-to-Poverty-About-the-Projects-and-Knowledge-Sharing-Materials.pdf
Thirunavukarasu, G., Chandrasekaran, S., Betageri, V. S., & Long, J. (2020). Assessing learners’ perceptions of graduate employability. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(2), 460. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12020460
White, B. (1983). “Agricultural involution” and its critics: Twenty years after. Bulletin of Concerned Asian Scholars, 15(2), 18–31.
White, B. (2012). Indonesian rural youth transitions : employment, mobility and the future of agriculture. Land, Livelihood, the Economy and the Environment in Indonesia, 243–263. http://hdl.handle.net/1765/50538
World Economic Forum. (2020). The future of job report 2020. https://www.weforum.org/reports/the-future-of-jobs-report-2020
World Economic Forum. (2023). Future of Jobs Report 2023. https://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_Future_of_Jobs_2023.pdf
Copyright (c) 2023 Owned by the Author(s), published by Society
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.